Ergonomics is the science that studies, designs, and adjusts the environment around us so that it works better for our bodies and minds.

Often focussed on the physical elements of an environment, from furniture and equipment to layout, ergonomics aims to make sure these elements work seamlessly with humans, so that we can be comfortable, productive and healthy.

There are different types of ergonomics, covering every stage of an environment. These start with the design of a space and equipment used, going right through to the needs of different groups and changing established layouts to make spaces work better.

Of these stages, or types, of ergonomics, the ones that are particularly relevant to an office environment are:

Physical ergonomics

Physical ergonomics looks at the physical interaction between humans and their environment, considering how products can be designed to align with our physical capabilities.

Physical considerations include making sure that people can maintain a healthy posture by providing furniture and equipment that help to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Ergonomics for specific needs

Ergonomics for specific needs studies the design needs of people such as children or individuals with disabilities, making sure that the comfort and wellbeing of the environment is tailored to their specific needs, so they can work independently and effectively.

Cognitive Ergonomics

Cognitive ergonomics helps to optimise systems and environments to reduce cognitive overload and make mental processes easier.

Mental processes studied in cognitive ergonomics include perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response. The aim is to reduce the cognitive effort needed to complete a task, reduce stress and promote concentration.

One example could be providing two monitor screens so that users can see all the information they need at once without needing to switch between windows on one screen.

Environmental ergonomics

Environmental ergonomics looks at temperature, lighting, noise, and other climatic conditions, and how these factors affect productivity and well-being.

One example could be making sure that the working environment has clean air, is well ventilated and that the temperature is comfortable.

Preventative ergonomics

Preventative ergonomics looks at anticipating and preventing potential ergonomic issues before they appear.

This is achieved by ensuring that work environments are designed for good ergonomics, regularly assessing workstations, and frequently communicating with people on the correct use of equipment and proper posture.